Effect of metformin on cardiovascular risk factors in obese type 2 diabetic patients
نویسندگان
چکیده
Introducción. Los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y obesidad con frecuencia presentan un mal control glucémico. El exceso de peso, la hiperlipemia y la hipertensión a menudo acompañan a la terapia con insulina en estos pacientes. Objetivo. El objetivo principal de nuestro estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la metformina en pacientes obesos con diabetes tipo 2 previamente tratados con otras terapias hipoglucemiantes. Diseño. Se estudiaron de manera prospectiva un grupo de 78 diabéticos tipo 2 con mal control glucémico (hemoglobina glucosilada [HbA1c] > 7,5%) y sobrepeso (índice de masa corporal [IMC] > 25). Todos los pacientes recibieron metformina durante 3 meses en un esquema ascendente. La terapia antihipertensiva e hipolipemiante permaneció invariable durante el estudio; asimismo, todos los pacientes recibieron una dieta de 1.500 calorías y realizaron su programa de ejercicios habitual. Resultados. Se alcanzó un descenso en los valores de glucosa (24,8%) (173,1 ± 29,8 mg/ dl frente a 134,8 ± 21,4 mg/ dl; p < 0,001) y HbA1c (15,4%) (8,5 ± 1,4% frente a 7,2 ± 1,1%; p < 0,001), con una disminución en el número de hipoglucemias y de la dosis recibida de insulina (39%) (0,39 ± 0,12 U/ kg/ día frente a 0,29 ± 0,08 U/ kg/ día; p < 0,005) y sulfonilurea (gliclazida) (46%) (107,5 ± 119 mg/ día frente a 57,5 ± 92 mg/ día; p < 0,01). A un 25,6% pacientes se les suspendió la medicación previa presentando un buen control glucémico sólo con metformina (HbA1c < 6,5%). Los factores de riesgo cardiovascular mejoraron, con un descenso en los valores de lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL) (12,9%) (147,3 ± 33,7 mg/ dl frente 128,8 ± 28,6 mg/ dl; p < 0,05), colesterol total (8,5%) (224,6 ± 26,9 mg/ dl frente a 205,3 ± 34,5 mg/ dl; p < 0,01) y triglicéridos (13,7%) (139,8 ± 57 mg/ dl frente a 120,1 ± 42,7 mg/ dl; p < 0,001), sin cambios en los valores de lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL). La presión arterial mejoró, con un descenso significativo de la presión arterial sistólica (5%) (137,9 ± 27 mmHg frente a 130,7 ± 20 mmHg; p < 0,01) y diastólica (9,4%) (85 ± 10 mmHg frente a 79,3 ± 14 mmHg; p < 0,01). Durante el estudio, el peso no cambió y ningún paciente abandonó por efectos secundarios. Conclusiones. La metformina mejora el control glucémico, lipídico y de presión arterial en pacientes obesos con diabetes tipo 2 y mal control metabólico, con una baja incidencia de efectos secundarios.
منابع مشابه
Obese Diabetic Patients: Impact of Different Management Modalities
Type 2 diabetes is one of the major public health challenges in 21st century. Both environmental changes and genetics are attributed for increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Obesity is the most critical and modifiable risk factor and should be targeted for successful management of diabetes. This review article discusses three main approaches to manage obesity. Three management modalities consider...
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